A 2025 meta-analysis in Nutrients reviewed data from over 1.5 million individuals and found that consuming energy drinks was associated with a significantly increased risk of both suicide attempts and suicidal thoughts. The risk rose with frequency: those drinking 21–30 energy drinks per month had nearly triple the odds of attempting suicide compared to non-consumers.

A 2025 study in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that higher intakes of black tea, berries, citrus fruits, and apples were linked to a lower risk of frailty, physical decline, and poor mental health in older adults. Women with the highest flavonoid intake had up to a 15% lower risk of frailty.