In 2025, Jiping Chen and Jiawei Yao from Shandong University and Guangdong Vocational Academy of Art reviewed how the ketogenic diet (KD)—low-carb, high-fat—helps manage metabolic syndrome (MetS), a mix of high blood pressure, high sugar, big waist, high triglycerides (TG), and low good cholesterol (HDL). They looked at how KD boosts ketone bodies like β-hydroxybutyrate (β-BHB) to burn fat, improve insulin use, fix lipid levels, and cut swelling.

A 2025 meta-analysis in Frontiers in Nutrition examined multiple trials comparing ketogenic diets (very low-carb, high-fat) with standard diets in cancer patients. The ketogenic group experienced significantly reduced fat mass and visceral fat, lower blood glucose and insulin, and improvements in LDL, total cholesterol, as well as fatigue and insomnia.