In a 2025 study from McMaster University, researchers analyzed nearly 16,000 adults from NHANES III to check if animal protein raises death risk from heart disease, cancer, or any cause. They found no link to higher mortality—animal protein even cut cancer death risk by a modest but significant amount. Plant protein showed no strong effects, but inflammatory diets with processed meats worsened outcomes.

In 2025, KM Krost and a team studied 186,744 UK adults aged 40–75 from the UK Biobank (2006–2010). They used food surveys to track 37 ultra-processed food additives like flavor enhancers, coloring agents, and sweeteners, linking them to deaths over 11 years. They adjusted for total food intake to focus on additive effects.

In 2025, Melody Ding and a team from The University of Sydney reviewed 35 studies with over 16,000 adults from 2014-2025. They analyzed how daily step counts affect eight health outcomes, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, dementia, cancer, depression, falls, physical function, and overall death risk, using data from PubMed and EBSCO CINAHL.

In a review by Dr. John Douillard from LifeSpa.com, drawing on studies like the Rotterdam Study (2004) involving 4,807 adults over 55, vitamin K2's role was examined. K2 activates proteins to direct calcium to bones and away from arteries, preventing stiffness and brittleness. The study found at least 32 mcg daily cut cardiovascular death by 50% and all-cause mortality by 25%.