A new study from The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2025) found that using broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat pneumonia may actually increase mortality risk in certain patients. These antibiotics can disrupt the microbiome, trigger harmful inflammation, and contribute to antibiotic resistance.

A 2025 study in American Journal of Epidemiology found that 100% alcohol-attributable emergency department visits increased by 139% between 1993–94 and 2019–21—compared to just a 28% rise in overall ER visits.