In 2018, Fabrício E. Rossi and a team studied 30 adults randomly assigned to three groups: back squat only, leg press only, or both, for 10 weeks of twice-weekly lower body workouts. Each group did 6 sets of 8-12 reps with 90-120 seconds rest, keeping other training the same. They measured max squat strength, body composition, jump height, and balance.

In 2025, Beiwang Deng and team from Guangzhou Sport University conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate how dietary supplements, combined with conditioning training, affect athletes’ muscle strength, jump performance, sprint speed, and muscle mass.